diff --git a/apps/emqx_replay/src/emqx_replay_message_storage.erl b/apps/emqx_replay/src/emqx_replay_message_storage.erl
index d14a07c6d..b1c5f1806 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_replay/src/emqx_replay_message_storage.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_replay/src/emqx_replay_message_storage.erl
@@ -741,163 +741,3 @@ maybe_refresh_iterator(It = #it{refresh_counter = undefined}) ->
 stop_iteration(It) ->
     ok = rocksdb:iterator_close(It#it.handle),
     none.
-
--ifdef(TEST).
-
--include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
-
-make_keymapper_test_() ->
-    [
-        ?_assertEqual(
-            #keymapper{
-                source = [
-                    {timestamp, 9, 23},
-                    {hash, level, 2},
-                    {hash, level, 4},
-                    {hash, levels, 8},
-                    {timestamp, 0, 9}
-                ],
-                bitsize = 46,
-                epoch = 512
-            },
-            make_keymapper(#{
-                timestamp_bits => 32,
-                topic_bits_per_level => [2, 4, 8],
-                epoch => 1000
-            })
-        ),
-        ?_assertEqual(
-            #keymapper{
-                source = [
-                    {timestamp, 0, 32},
-                    {hash, levels, 16}
-                ],
-                bitsize = 48,
-                epoch = 1
-            },
-            make_keymapper(#{
-                timestamp_bits => 32,
-                topic_bits_per_level => [16],
-                epoch => 1
-            })
-        )
-    ].
-
-compute_test_bitmask(TopicFilter) ->
-    compute_topic_bitmask(
-        TopicFilter,
-        [
-            {hash, level, 3},
-            {hash, level, 4},
-            {hash, level, 5},
-            {hash, levels, 2}
-        ],
-        0
-    ).
-
-bitmask_test_() ->
-    [
-        ?_assertEqual(
-            2#111_1111_11111_11,
-            compute_test_bitmask([<<"foo">>, <<"bar">>])
-        ),
-        ?_assertEqual(
-            2#111_0000_11111_11,
-            compute_test_bitmask([<<"foo">>, '+'])
-        ),
-        ?_assertEqual(
-            2#111_0000_00000_11,
-            compute_test_bitmask([<<"foo">>, '+', '+'])
-        ),
-        ?_assertEqual(
-            2#111_0000_11111_00,
-            compute_test_bitmask([<<"foo">>, '+', <<"bar">>, '+'])
-        )
-    ].
-
-wildcard_bitmask_test_() ->
-    [
-        ?_assertEqual(
-            2#000_0000_00000_00,
-            compute_test_bitmask(['#'])
-        ),
-        ?_assertEqual(
-            2#111_0000_00000_00,
-            compute_test_bitmask([<<"foo">>, '#'])
-        ),
-        ?_assertEqual(
-            2#111_1111_11111_00,
-            compute_test_bitmask([<<"foo">>, <<"bar">>, <<"baz">>, '#'])
-        ),
-        ?_assertEqual(
-            2#111_1111_11111_11,
-            compute_test_bitmask([<<"foo">>, <<"bar">>, <<"baz">>, <<>>, '#'])
-        )
-    ].
-
-%% Filter = |123|***|678|***|
-%% Mask   = |123|***|678|***|
-%% Key1   = |123|011|108|121| → Seek = 0 |123|011|678|000|
-%% Key2   = |123|011|679|919| → Seek = 0 |123|012|678|000|
-%% Key3   = |123|999|679|001| → Seek = 1 |123|000|678|000| → eos
-%% Key4   = |125|011|179|017| → Seek = 1 |123|000|678|000| → eos
-
-compute_test_topic_seek(Bitstring, Bitfilter, HBitmask) ->
-    compute_topic_seek(
-        Bitstring,
-        Bitfilter,
-        HBitmask,
-        [
-            {hash, level, 8},
-            {hash, level, 8},
-            {hash, level, 16},
-            {hash, levels, 12}
-        ],
-        8 + 8 + 16 + 12
-    ).
-
-next_seek_test_() ->
-    [
-        ?_assertMatch(
-            none,
-            compute_test_topic_seek(
-                16#FD_42_4242_043,
-                16#FD_42_4242_042,
-                16#FF_FF_FFFF_FFF
-            )
-        ),
-        ?_assertMatch(
-            16#FD_11_0678_000,
-            compute_test_topic_seek(
-                16#FD_11_0108_121,
-                16#FD_00_0678_000,
-                16#FF_00_FFFF_000
-            )
-        ),
-        ?_assertMatch(
-            16#FD_12_0678_000,
-            compute_test_topic_seek(
-                16#FD_11_0679_919,
-                16#FD_00_0678_000,
-                16#FF_00_FFFF_000
-            )
-        ),
-        ?_assertMatch(
-            none,
-            compute_test_topic_seek(
-                16#FD_FF_0679_001,
-                16#FD_00_0678_000,
-                16#FF_00_FFFF_000
-            )
-        ),
-        ?_assertMatch(
-            none,
-            compute_test_topic_seek(
-                16#FE_11_0179_017,
-                16#FD_00_0678_000,
-                16#FF_00_FFFF_000
-            )
-        )
-    ].
-
--endif.
diff --git a/apps/emqx_replay/test/emqx_replay_message_storage_SUITE.erl b/apps/emqx_replay/test/emqx_replay_message_storage_SUITE.erl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fca48a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/emqx_replay/test/emqx_replay_message_storage_SUITE.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% Copyright (c) 2022-2023 EMQ Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+%% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+%% You may obtain a copy of the License at
+%%
+%%     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+%%
+%% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+%% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+%% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+%% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+%% limitations under the License.
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+-module(emqx_replay_message_storage_SUITE).
+
+-compile(export_all).
+-compile(nowarn_export_all).
+
+-include_lib("stdlib/include/assert.hrl").
+
+-import(emqx_replay_message_storage, [
+    make_keymapper/1,
+    keymapper_info/1,
+    compute_topic_bitmask/2,
+    compute_time_bitmask/1,
+    compute_topic_seek/4
+]).
+
+all() -> emqx_common_test_helpers:all(?MODULE).
+
+t_make_keymapper(_) ->
+    ?assertMatch(
+        #{
+            source := [
+                {timestamp, 9, 23},
+                {hash, level, 2},
+                {hash, level, 4},
+                {hash, levels, 8},
+                {timestamp, 0, 9}
+            ],
+            bitsize := 46,
+            epoch := 512
+        },
+        keymapper_info(
+            make_keymapper(#{
+                timestamp_bits => 32,
+                topic_bits_per_level => [2, 4, 8],
+                epoch => 1000
+            })
+        )
+    ).
+
+t_make_keymapper_single_hash_level(_) ->
+    ?assertMatch(
+        #{
+            source := [
+                {timestamp, 0, 32},
+                {hash, levels, 16}
+            ],
+            bitsize := 48,
+            epoch := 1
+        },
+        keymapper_info(
+            make_keymapper(#{
+                timestamp_bits => 32,
+                topic_bits_per_level => [16],
+                epoch => 1
+            })
+        )
+    ).
+
+t_make_keymapper_no_timestamp(_) ->
+    ?assertMatch(
+        #{
+            source := [
+                {hash, level, 4},
+                {hash, level, 8},
+                {hash, levels, 16}
+            ],
+            bitsize := 28,
+            epoch := 1
+        },
+        keymapper_info(
+            make_keymapper(#{
+                timestamp_bits => 0,
+                topic_bits_per_level => [4, 8, 16],
+                epoch => 42
+            })
+        )
+    ).
+
+t_compute_topic_bitmask(_) ->
+    KM = make_keymapper(#{topic_bits_per_level => [3, 4, 5, 2], timestamp_bits => 0, epoch => 1}),
+    ?assertEqual(
+        2#111_1111_11111_11,
+        compute_topic_bitmask([<<"foo">>, <<"bar">>], KM)
+    ),
+    ?assertEqual(
+        2#111_0000_11111_11,
+        compute_topic_bitmask([<<"foo">>, '+'], KM)
+    ),
+    ?assertEqual(
+        2#111_0000_00000_11,
+        compute_topic_bitmask([<<"foo">>, '+', '+'], KM)
+    ),
+    ?assertEqual(
+        2#111_0000_11111_00,
+        compute_topic_bitmask([<<"foo">>, '+', <<"bar">>, '+'], KM)
+    ).
+
+t_compute_topic_bitmask_wildcard(_) ->
+    KM = make_keymapper(#{topic_bits_per_level => [3, 4, 5, 2], timestamp_bits => 0, epoch => 1}),
+    ?assertEqual(
+        2#000_0000_00000_00,
+        compute_topic_bitmask(['#'], KM)
+    ),
+    ?assertEqual(
+        2#111_0000_00000_00,
+        compute_topic_bitmask([<<"foo">>, '#'], KM)
+    ),
+    ?assertEqual(
+        2#111_1111_11111_00,
+        compute_topic_bitmask([<<"foo">>, <<"bar">>, <<"baz">>, '#'], KM)
+    ).
+
+t_compute_topic_bitmask_wildcard_long_tail(_) ->
+    KM = make_keymapper(#{topic_bits_per_level => [3, 4, 5, 2], timestamp_bits => 0, epoch => 1}),
+    ?assertEqual(
+        2#111_1111_11111_11,
+        compute_topic_bitmask([<<"foo">>, <<"bar">>, <<"baz">>, <<>>, <<"xyzzy">>], KM)
+    ),
+    ?assertEqual(
+        2#111_1111_11111_00,
+        compute_topic_bitmask([<<"foo">>, <<"bar">>, <<"baz">>, <<>>, '#'], KM)
+    ).
+
+t_compute_time_bitmask(_) ->
+    KM = make_keymapper(#{topic_bits_per_level => [1, 2, 3], timestamp_bits => 10, epoch => 200}),
+    ?assertEqual(2#111_000000_1111111, compute_time_bitmask(KM)).
+
+t_compute_time_bitmask_epoch_only(_) ->
+    KM = make_keymapper(#{topic_bits_per_level => [1, 2, 3], timestamp_bits => 10, epoch => 1}),
+    ?assertEqual(2#1111111111_000000, compute_time_bitmask(KM)).
+
+%% Filter = |123|***|678|***|
+%% Mask   = |123|***|678|***|
+%% Key1   = |123|011|108|121| → Seek = 0 |123|011|678|000|
+%% Key2   = |123|011|679|919| → Seek = 0 |123|012|678|000|
+%% Key3   = |123|999|679|001| → Seek = 1 |123|000|678|000| → eos
+%% Key4   = |125|011|179|017| → Seek = 1 |123|000|678|000| → eos
+
+t_compute_next_topic_seek(_) ->
+    KM = make_keymapper(#{topic_bits_per_level => [8, 8, 16, 12], timestamp_bits => 0, epoch => 1}),
+    ?assertMatch(
+        none,
+        compute_topic_seek(
+            16#FD_42_4242_043,
+            16#FD_42_4242_042,
+            16#FF_FF_FFFF_FFF,
+            KM
+        )
+    ),
+    ?assertMatch(
+        16#FD_11_0678_000,
+        compute_topic_seek(
+            16#FD_11_0108_121,
+            16#FD_00_0678_000,
+            16#FF_00_FFFF_000,
+            KM
+        )
+    ),
+    ?assertMatch(
+        16#FD_12_0678_000,
+        compute_topic_seek(
+            16#FD_11_0679_919,
+            16#FD_00_0678_000,
+            16#FF_00_FFFF_000,
+            KM
+        )
+    ),
+    ?assertMatch(
+        none,
+        compute_topic_seek(
+            16#FD_FF_0679_001,
+            16#FD_00_0678_000,
+            16#FF_00_FFFF_000,
+            KM
+        )
+    ),
+    ?assertMatch(
+        none,
+        compute_topic_seek(
+            16#FE_11_0179_017,
+            16#FD_00_0678_000,
+            16#FF_00_FFFF_000,
+            KM
+        )
+    ).