diff --git a/apps/emqx_dashboard/src/emqx_dashboard_swagger.erl b/apps/emqx_dashboard/src/emqx_dashboard_swagger.erl
index e42d9c3ae..6422d627c 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_dashboard/src/emqx_dashboard_swagger.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_dashboard/src/emqx_dashboard_swagger.erl
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 -export([file_schema/1]).
 -export([base_path/0]).
 -export([relative_uri/1]).
+-export([compose_filters/2]).
 
 -export([filter_check_request/2, filter_check_request_and_translate_body/2]).
 
@@ -82,14 +83,30 @@
 -type request() :: #{bindings => map(), query_string => map(), body => map()}.
 -type request_meta() :: #{module => module(), path => string(), method => atom()}.
 
--type filter_result() :: {ok, request()} | {400, 'BAD_REQUEST', binary()}.
--type filter() :: fun((request(), request_meta()) -> filter_result()).
+%% More exact types are defined in minirest.hrl, but we don't want to include it
+%% because it defines a lot of types and they may clash with the types declared locally.
+-type status_code() :: pos_integer().
+-type error_code() :: atom() | binary().
+-type error_message() :: binary().
+-type response_body() :: term().
+-type headers() :: map().
+
+-type response() ::
+    status_code()
+    | {status_code()}
+    | {status_code(), response_body()}
+    | {status_code(), headers(), response_body()}
+    | {status_code(), error_code(), error_message()}.
+
+-type filter_result() :: {ok, request()} | response().
+-type filter() :: emqx_maybe:t(fun((request(), request_meta()) -> filter_result())).
 
 -type spec_opts() :: #{
     check_schema => boolean() | filter(),
     translate_body => boolean(),
     schema_converter => fun((hocon_schema:schema(), Module :: atom()) -> map()),
-    i18n_lang => atom() | string() | binary()
+    i18n_lang => atom() | string() | binary(),
+    filter => filter()
 }.
 
 -type route_path() :: string() | binary().
@@ -115,9 +132,9 @@ spec(Module, Options) ->
         lists:foldl(
             fun(Path, {AllAcc, AllRefsAcc}) ->
                 {OperationId, Specs, Refs} = parse_spec_ref(Module, Path, Options),
-                CheckSchema = support_check_schema(Options),
+                Opts = #{filter => filter(Options)},
                 {
-                    [{filename:join("/", Path), Specs, OperationId, CheckSchema} | AllAcc],
+                    [{filename:join("/", Path), Specs, OperationId, Opts} | AllAcc],
                     Refs ++ AllRefsAcc
                 }
             end,
@@ -204,6 +221,21 @@ file_schema(FileName) ->
         }
     }.
 
+-spec compose_filters(filter(), filter()) -> filter().
+compose_filters(undefined, Filter2) ->
+    Filter2;
+compose_filters(Filter1, undefined) ->
+    Filter1;
+compose_filters(Filter1, Filter2) ->
+    fun(Request, RequestMeta) ->
+        case Filter1(Request, RequestMeta) of
+            {ok, Request1} ->
+                Filter2(Request1, RequestMeta);
+            Response ->
+                Response
+        end
+    end.
+
 %%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 %% Private functions
 %%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -235,14 +267,22 @@ check_only(Schema, Map, Opts) ->
     _ = hocon_tconf:check_plain(Schema, Map, Opts),
     Map.
 
-support_check_schema(#{check_schema := true, translate_body := true}) ->
-    #{filter => fun ?MODULE:filter_check_request_and_translate_body/2};
-support_check_schema(#{check_schema := true}) ->
-    #{filter => fun ?MODULE:filter_check_request/2};
-support_check_schema(#{check_schema := Filter}) when is_function(Filter, 2) ->
-    #{filter => Filter};
-support_check_schema(_) ->
-    #{filter => undefined}.
+filter(Options) ->
+    CheckSchemaFilter = check_schema_filter(Options),
+    CustomFilter = custom_filter(Options),
+    compose_filters(CheckSchemaFilter, CustomFilter).
+
+custom_filter(Options) ->
+    maps:get(filter, Options, undefined).
+
+check_schema_filter(#{check_schema := true, translate_body := true}) ->
+    fun ?MODULE:filter_check_request_and_translate_body/2;
+check_schema_filter(#{check_schema := true}) ->
+    fun ?MODULE:filter_check_request/2;
+check_schema_filter(#{check_schema := Filter}) when is_function(Filter, 2) ->
+    Filter;
+check_schema_filter(_) ->
+    undefined.
 
 parse_spec_ref(Module, Path, Options) ->
     Schema =
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/docker-ct b/apps/emqx_ft/docker-ct
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36f9d86d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/docker-ct
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+minio
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/etc/emqx_ft.conf b/apps/emqx_ft/etc/emqx_ft.conf
index ec48d4e69..e69de29bb 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/etc/emqx_ft.conf
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/etc/emqx_ft.conf
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-file_transfer {
-    storage {
-        type = local
-        segments {
-            root = "{{ platform_data_dir }}/file_transfer/segments"
-            gc {
-                interval = "1h"
-            }
-        }
-        exporter {
-            root = "{{ platform_data_dir }}/file_transfer/exports"
-            type = local
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_api.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_api.erl
index 7e1ed97ad..61a6a2c93 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_api.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_api.erl
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@
     fields/1
 ]).
 
+%% Minirest filter for checking if file transfer is enabled
+-export([check_ft_enabled/2]).
+
 %% API callbacks
 -export([
     '/file_transfer/files'/2,
@@ -44,7 +47,9 @@
 namespace() -> "file_transfer".
 
 api_spec() ->
-    emqx_dashboard_swagger:spec(?MODULE, #{check_schema => true}).
+    emqx_dashboard_swagger:spec(?MODULE, #{
+        check_schema => true, filter => fun ?MODULE:check_ft_enabled/2
+    }).
 
 paths() ->
     [
@@ -97,6 +102,14 @@ schema("/file_transfer/files/:clientid/:fileid") ->
         }
     }.
 
+check_ft_enabled(Params, _Meta) ->
+    case emqx_ft_conf:enabled() of
+        true ->
+            {ok, Params};
+        false ->
+            {503, error_msg('SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE', <<"Service unavailable">>)}
+    end.
+
 '/file_transfer/files'(get, #{
     query_string := QueryString
 }) ->
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_conf.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_conf.erl
index 90b59c8d1..61f639271 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_conf.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_conf.erl
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ enabled() ->
 
 -spec storage() -> _Storage.
 storage() ->
-    emqx_config:get([file_transfer, storage], undefined).
+    emqx_config:get([file_transfer, storage]).
 
 -spec gc_interval(_Storage) -> emqx_maybe:t(milliseconds()).
 gc_interval(Conf = #{type := local}) ->
@@ -88,11 +88,12 @@ store_segment_timeout() ->
 
 -spec load() -> ok.
 load() ->
-    ok = on_config_update(#{}, emqx_config:get([file_transfer], #{})),
+    ok = maybe_start(),
     emqx_conf:add_handler([file_transfer], ?MODULE).
 
 -spec unload() -> ok.
 unload() ->
+    ok = stop(),
     emqx_conf:remove_handler([file_transfer]).
 
 %%--------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -115,23 +116,26 @@ pre_config_update(_, Req, _Config) ->
 post_config_update([file_transfer | _], _Req, NewConfig, OldConfig, _AppEnvs) ->
     on_config_update(OldConfig, NewConfig).
 
-on_config_update(OldConfig, NewConfig) ->
-    lists:foreach(
-        fun(ConfKey) ->
-            on_config_update(
-                ConfKey,
-                maps:get(ConfKey, OldConfig, undefined),
-                maps:get(ConfKey, NewConfig, undefined)
-            )
-        end,
-        [storage, enable]
-    ).
-
-on_config_update(_, Config, Config) ->
+on_config_update(#{enable := false}, #{enable := false}) ->
     ok;
-on_config_update(storage, OldConfig, NewConfig) ->
-    ok = emqx_ft_storage:on_config_update(OldConfig, NewConfig);
-on_config_update(enable, _, true) ->
+on_config_update(#{enable := true, storage := OldStorage}, #{enable := false}) ->
+    ok = emqx_ft_storage:on_config_update(OldStorage, undefined),
+    ok = emqx_ft:unhook();
+on_config_update(#{enable := false}, #{enable := true, storage := NewStorage}) ->
+    ok = emqx_ft_storage:on_config_update(undefined, NewStorage),
     ok = emqx_ft:hook();
-on_config_update(enable, _, false) ->
-    ok = emqx_ft:unhook().
+on_config_update(#{enable := true, storage := OldStorage}, #{enable := true, storage := NewStorage}) ->
+    ok = emqx_ft_storage:on_config_update(OldStorage, NewStorage).
+
+maybe_start() ->
+    case emqx_config:get([file_transfer]) of
+        #{enable := true, storage := Storage} ->
+            ok = emqx_ft_storage:on_config_update(undefined, Storage),
+            ok = emqx_ft:hook();
+        _ ->
+            ok
+    end.
+
+stop() ->
+    ok = emqx_ft:unhook(),
+    ok = emqx_ft_storage:on_config_update(storage(), undefined).
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage.erl
index 5364211a4..5ec342585 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage.erl
@@ -90,6 +90,12 @@
 -callback files(storage(), query(Cursor)) ->
     {ok, page(file_info(), Cursor)} | {error, term()}.
 
+-callback start(emqx_config:config()) -> any().
+-callback stop(emqx_config:config()) -> any().
+
+-callback on_config_update(_OldConfig :: emqx_config:config(), _NewConfig :: emqx_config:config()) ->
+    any().
+
 %%--------------------------------------------------------------------
 %% API
 %%--------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -167,49 +173,28 @@ apply_storage(Storage, Fun, Args) when is_function(Fun) ->
 
 -spec on_config_update(_Old :: emqx_maybe:t(storage()), _New :: emqx_maybe:t(storage())) ->
     ok.
-on_config_update(Storage, Storage) ->
+on_config_update(#{type := _} = Storage, #{type := _} = Storage) ->
     ok;
 on_config_update(#{type := Type} = StorageOld, #{type := Type} = StorageNew) ->
     ok = (mod(StorageNew)):on_config_update(StorageOld, StorageNew);
-on_config_update(StorageOld, StorageNew) ->
+on_config_update(StorageOld, StorageNew) when
+    (StorageOld =:= undefined orelse is_map_key(type, StorageOld)) andalso
+        (StorageNew =:= undefined orelse is_map_key(type, StorageNew))
+->
     _ = emqx_maybe:apply(fun on_storage_stop/1, StorageOld),
     _ = emqx_maybe:apply(fun on_storage_start/1, StorageNew),
-    _ = emqx_maybe:apply(
-        fun(Storage) -> (mod(Storage)):on_config_update(StorageOld, StorageNew) end,
-        StorageNew
-    ),
     ok.
 
-on_storage_start(Storage = #{type := _}) ->
-    lists:foreach(
-        fun(ChildSpec) ->
-            {ok, _Child} = supervisor:start_child(emqx_ft_sup, ChildSpec)
-        end,
-        child_spec(Storage)
-    ).
-
-on_storage_stop(Storage = #{type := _}) ->
-    lists:foreach(
-        fun(#{id := ChildId}) ->
-            _ = supervisor:terminate_child(emqx_ft_sup, ChildId),
-            ok = supervisor:delete_child(emqx_ft_sup, ChildId)
-        end,
-        child_spec(Storage)
-    ).
-
-child_spec(Storage) ->
-    try
-        Mod = mod(Storage),
-        Mod:child_spec(Storage)
-    catch
-        error:disabled -> [];
-        error:undef -> []
-    end.
-
 %%--------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% Local FS API
+%% Local API
 %%--------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+on_storage_start(Storage) ->
+    (mod(Storage)):start(Storage).
+
+on_storage_stop(Storage) ->
+    (mod(Storage)):stop(Storage).
+
 storage() ->
     emqx_ft_conf:storage().
 
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter.erl
index fb44093c1..e000fe5c6 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter.erl
@@ -153,14 +153,14 @@ on_exporter_update(Config, Config) ->
 on_exporter_update({ExporterMod, ConfigOld}, {ExporterMod, ConfigNew}) ->
     ExporterMod:update(ConfigOld, ConfigNew);
 on_exporter_update(ExporterOld, ExporterNew) ->
-    _ = emqx_maybe:apply(fun stop_exporter/1, ExporterOld),
-    _ = emqx_maybe:apply(fun start_exporter/1, ExporterNew),
+    _ = emqx_maybe:apply(fun stop/1, ExporterOld),
+    _ = emqx_maybe:apply(fun start/1, ExporterNew),
     ok.
 
-start_exporter({ExporterMod, ExporterOpts}) ->
+start({ExporterMod, ExporterOpts}) ->
     ok = ExporterMod:start(ExporterOpts).
 
-stop_exporter({ExporterMod, ExporterOpts}) ->
+stop({ExporterMod, ExporterOpts}) ->
     ok = ExporterMod:stop(ExporterOpts).
 
 %%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_fs_api.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_fs_api.erl
index f1a8c6dae..a278b01a5 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_fs_api.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_fs_api.erl
@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@
 namespace() -> "file_transfer".
 
 api_spec() ->
-    emqx_dashboard_swagger:spec(?MODULE, #{check_schema => true}).
+    emqx_dashboard_swagger:spec(?MODULE, #{
+        check_schema => true, filter => fun emqx_ft_api:check_ft_enabled/2
+    }).
 
 paths() ->
     [
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_s3.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_s3.erl
index c7110c74a..5c5aade86 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_s3.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_s3.erl
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ list(Client, _Options, #{transfer := Transfer}) ->
     end;
 list(Client, _Options, Query) ->
     Limit = maps:get(limit, Query, undefined),
-    Marker = emqx_maybe:apply(fun decode_cursor/1, maps:get(cursor, Query, undefined)),
+    Marker = emqx_maybe:apply(fun decode_cursor/1, maps:get(following, Query, undefined)),
     case list_pages(Client, Marker, Limit, []) of
         {ok, {Exports, undefined}} ->
             {ok, #{items => Exports}};
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_fs.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_fs.erl
index bd88727c0..cdc86d218 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_fs.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/src/emqx_ft_storage_fs.erl
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@
 -export([files/2]).
 
 -export([on_config_update/2]).
+-export([start/1]).
+-export([stop/1]).
 
 -export_type([storage/0]).
 -export_type([filefrag/1]).
@@ -227,6 +229,27 @@ on_config_update(StorageOld, StorageNew) ->
     ok = emqx_ft_storage_fs_gc:reset(StorageNew),
     emqx_ft_storage_exporter:on_config_update(StorageOld, StorageNew).
 
+start(Storage) ->
+    ok = lists:foreach(
+        fun(ChildSpec) ->
+            {ok, _Child} = supervisor:start_child(emqx_ft_sup, ChildSpec)
+        end,
+        child_spec(Storage)
+    ),
+    ok = emqx_ft_storage_exporter:on_config_update(undefined, Storage),
+    ok.
+
+stop(Storage) ->
+    ok = emqx_ft_storage_exporter:on_config_update(Storage, undefined),
+    ok = lists:foreach(
+        fun(#{id := ChildId}) ->
+            _ = supervisor:terminate_child(emqx_ft_sup, ChildId),
+            ok = supervisor:delete_child(emqx_ft_sup, ChildId)
+        end,
+        child_spec(Storage)
+    ),
+    ok.
+
 %%
 
 -spec transfers(storage()) ->
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_api_SUITE.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_api_SUITE.erl
index 4efa31205..f69e13a6d 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_api_SUITE.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_api_SUITE.erl
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ mk_cluster_specs(Config) ->
 
 init_per_testcase(Case, Config) ->
     [{tc, Case} | Config].
+end_per_testcase(t_ft_disabled, _Config) ->
+    emqx_config:put([file_transfer, enable], true);
 end_per_testcase(_Case, _Config) ->
     ok.
 
@@ -223,6 +225,35 @@ t_list_files_paging(Config) ->
     ?assertEqual(Files, PageThrough(#{limit => 8}, [])),
     ?assertEqual(Files, PageThrough(#{limit => NFiles}, [])).
 
+t_ft_disabled(_Config) ->
+    ?assertMatch(
+        {ok, 200, _},
+        request_json(get, uri(["file_transfer", "files"]))
+    ),
+
+    ?assertMatch(
+        {ok, 400, _},
+        request_json(
+            get,
+            uri(["file_transfer", "file"]) ++ query(#{fileref => <<"f1">>})
+        )
+    ),
+
+    ok = emqx_config:put([file_transfer, enable], false),
+
+    ?assertMatch(
+        {ok, 503, _},
+        request_json(get, uri(["file_transfer", "files"]))
+    ),
+
+    ?assertMatch(
+        {ok, 503, _},
+        request_json(
+            get,
+            uri(["file_transfer", "file"]) ++ query(#{fileref => <<"f1">>, node => node()})
+        )
+    ).
+
 %%--------------------------------------------------------------------
 %% Helpers
 %%--------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_conf_SUITE.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_conf_SUITE.erl
index 106c34702..bc9eb5d98 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_conf_SUITE.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_conf_SUITE.erl
@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@ end_per_suite(_Config) ->
     ok.
 
 init_per_testcase(_Case, Config) ->
-    % NOTE: running each testcase with clean config
     _ = emqx_config:save_schema_mod_and_names(emqx_ft_schema),
-    ok = emqx_common_test_helpers:start_apps([emqx_conf, emqx_ft], fun(_) -> ok end),
+    ok = emqx_common_test_helpers:start_apps(
+        [emqx_conf, emqx_ft], emqx_ft_test_helpers:env_handler(Config)
+    ),
     {ok, _} = emqx:update_config([rpc, port_discovery], manual),
     Config.
 
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_s3_SUITE.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_s3_SUITE.erl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86de74ee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_exporter_s3_SUITE.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% Copyright (c) 2020-2023 EMQ Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+%% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+%% You may obtain a copy of the License at
+%%
+%%     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+%%
+%% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+%% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+%% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+%% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+%% limitations under the License.
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-module(emqx_ft_storage_exporter_s3_SUITE).
+
+-compile(export_all).
+-compile(nowarn_export_all).
+
+-include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl").
+-include_lib("stdlib/include/assert.hrl").
+
+-define(assertS3Data(Data, Url),
+    case httpc:request(Url) of
+        {ok, {{_StatusLine, 200, "OK"}, _Headers, Body}} ->
+            ?assertEqual(Data, list_to_binary(Body), "S3 data mismatch");
+        OtherResponse ->
+            ct:fail("Unexpected response: ~p", [OtherResponse])
+    end
+).
+
+all() -> emqx_common_test_helpers:all(?MODULE).
+
+init_per_suite(Config) ->
+    Config.
+end_per_suite(_Config) ->
+    ok.
+
+set_special_configs(Config) ->
+    fun
+        (emqx_ft) ->
+            Storage = emqx_ft_test_helpers:local_storage(Config, #{
+                exporter => s3, bucket_name => ?config(bucket_name, Config)
+            }),
+            emqx_ft_test_helpers:load_config(#{<<"enable">> => true, <<"storage">> => Storage});
+        (_) ->
+            ok
+    end.
+
+init_per_testcase(Case, Config0) ->
+    ClientId = atom_to_binary(Case),
+    BucketName = create_bucket(),
+    Config1 = [{bucket_name, BucketName}, {clientid, ClientId} | Config0],
+    ok = emqx_common_test_helpers:start_apps([emqx_conf, emqx_ft], set_special_configs(Config1)),
+    Config1.
+end_per_testcase(_Case, _Config) ->
+    ok = emqx_common_test_helpers:stop_apps([emqx_ft, emqx_conf]),
+    ok.
+
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% Test Cases
+%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+t_happy_path(Config) ->
+    ClientId = ?config(clientid, Config),
+
+    FileId = <<"🌚"/utf8>>,
+    Name = "cool_name",
+    Data = <<"data"/utf8>>,
+
+    ?assertEqual(
+        ok,
+        emqx_ft_test_helpers:upload_file(ClientId, FileId, Name, Data)
+    ),
+
+    {ok, #{items := [#{uri := Uri}]}} = emqx_ft_storage:files(),
+
+    ?assertS3Data(Data, Uri),
+
+    Key = binary_to_list(ClientId) ++ "/" ++ binary_to_list(FileId) ++ "/" ++ Name,
+    Meta = erlcloud_s3:get_object_metadata(
+        ?config(bucket_name, Config), Key, emqx_ft_test_helpers:aws_config()
+    ),
+
+    ?assertEqual(
+        ClientId,
+        metadata_field("clientid", Meta)
+    ),
+
+    ?assertEqual(
+        FileId,
+        metadata_field("fileid", Meta)
+    ),
+
+    NameBin = list_to_binary(Name),
+    ?assertMatch(
+        #{
+            <<"name">> := NameBin,
+            <<"size">> := 4
+        },
+        emqx_utils_json:decode(metadata_field("filemeta", Meta), [return_maps])
+    ).
+
+t_upload_error(Config) ->
+    ClientId = ?config(clientid, Config),
+
+    FileId = <<"🌚"/utf8>>,
+    Name = "cool_name",
+    Data = <<"data"/utf8>>,
+
+    {ok, _} = emqx_conf:update(
+        [file_transfer, storage, exporter, bucket], <<"invalid-bucket">>, #{}
+    ),
+
+    ?assertEqual(
+        {error, unspecified_error},
+        emqx_ft_test_helpers:upload_file(ClientId, FileId, Name, Data)
+    ).
+
+t_paging(Config) ->
+    ClientId = ?config(clientid, Config),
+    N = 1050,
+
+    FileId = fun integer_to_binary/1,
+    Name = "cool_name",
+    Data = fun integer_to_binary/1,
+
+    ok = lists:foreach(
+        fun(I) ->
+            ok = emqx_ft_test_helpers:upload_file(ClientId, FileId(I), Name, Data(I))
+        end,
+        lists:seq(1, N)
+    ),
+
+    {ok, #{items := [#{uri := Uri}]}} = emqx_ft_storage:files(#{transfer => {ClientId, FileId(123)}}),
+
+    ?assertS3Data(Data(123), Uri),
+
+    lists:foreach(
+        fun(PageSize) ->
+            Pages = file_pages(#{limit => PageSize}),
+            ?assertEqual(
+                expected_page_count(PageSize, N),
+                length(Pages)
+            ),
+            FileIds = [
+                FId
+             || #{transfer := {_, FId}} <- lists:concat(Pages)
+            ],
+            ?assertEqual(
+                lists:sort([FileId(I) || I <- lists:seq(1, N)]),
+                lists:sort(FileIds)
+            )
+        end,
+        %% less than S3 limit, greater than S3 limit
+        [20, 550]
+    ).
+
+t_invalid_cursor(_Config) ->
+    InvalidUtf8 = <<16#80>>,
+    ?assertError(
+        {badarg, cursor},
+        emqx_ft_storage:files(#{following => InvalidUtf8})
+    ).
+
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% Helper Functions
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+expected_page_count(PageSize, Total) ->
+    case Total rem PageSize of
+        0 -> Total div PageSize;
+        _ -> Total div PageSize + 1
+    end.
+
+file_pages(Query) ->
+    case emqx_ft_storage:files(Query) of
+        {ok, #{items := Items, cursor := NewCursor}} ->
+            [Items] ++ file_pages(Query#{following => NewCursor});
+        {ok, #{items := Items}} ->
+            [Items];
+        {error, Error} ->
+            ct:fail("Failed to download files: ~p", [Error])
+    end.
+
+metadata_field(Field, Meta) ->
+    Key = "x-amz-meta-" ++ Field,
+    case lists:keyfind(Key, 1, Meta) of
+        {Key, Value} -> list_to_binary(Value);
+        false -> false
+    end.
+
+create_bucket() ->
+    BucketName = emqx_s3_test_helpers:unique_bucket(),
+    _ = application:ensure_all_started(lhttpc),
+    ok = erlcloud_s3:create_bucket(BucketName, emqx_ft_test_helpers:aws_config()),
+    BucketName.
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_SUITE.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_SUITE.erl
index 5635d981b..2acb57a8e 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_SUITE.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_SUITE.erl
@@ -84,7 +84,9 @@ client_id(Config) ->
     atom_to_binary(?config(tc, Config), utf8).
 
 storage(Config) ->
-    emqx_ft_test_helpers:local_storage(Config).
+    RawConfig = #{<<"storage">> => emqx_ft_test_helpers:local_storage(Config)},
+    #{storage := Storage} = emqx_ft_schema:translate(RawConfig),
+    Storage.
 
 list_files(Config) ->
     {ok, #{items := Files}} = emqx_ft_storage_fs:files(storage(Config), #{}),
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_gc_SUITE.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_gc_SUITE.erl
index 065e9ae0a..04aedf8f3 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_gc_SUITE.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_gc_SUITE.erl
@@ -40,14 +40,15 @@ init_per_testcase(TC, Config) ->
         emqx_ft,
         fun(emqx_ft) ->
             emqx_ft_test_helpers:load_config(#{
-                storage => #{
-                    type => local,
-                    segments => #{
-                        root => emqx_ft_test_helpers:root(Config, node(), [TC, segments])
+                <<"enable">> => true,
+                <<"storage">> => #{
+                    <<"type">> => <<"local">>,
+                    <<"segments">> => #{
+                        <<"root">> => emqx_ft_test_helpers:root(Config, node(), [TC, segments])
                     },
-                    exporter => #{
-                        type => local,
-                        root => emqx_ft_test_helpers:root(Config, node(), [TC, exports])
+                    <<"exporter">> => #{
+                        <<"type">> => <<"local">>,
+                        <<"root">> => emqx_ft_test_helpers:root(Config, node(), [TC, exports])
                     }
                 }
             })
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_reader_SUITE.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_reader_SUITE.erl
index 0ac5d2844..217205f6f 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_reader_SUITE.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_storage_fs_reader_SUITE.erl
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 all() -> emqx_common_test_helpers:all(?MODULE).
 
 init_per_suite(Config) ->
-    ok = emqx_common_test_helpers:start_apps([emqx_ft]),
+    ok = emqx_common_test_helpers:start_apps([emqx_ft], emqx_ft_test_helpers:env_handler(Config)),
     Config.
 
 end_per_suite(_Config) ->
diff --git a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_test_helpers.erl b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_test_helpers.erl
index 89e349fae..1482223d8 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_test_helpers.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_ft/test/emqx_ft_test_helpers.erl
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@
 
 -include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl").
 
+-define(S3_HOST, <<"minio">>).
+-define(S3_PORT, 9000).
+
 start_additional_node(Config, Name) ->
     emqx_common_test_helpers:start_slave(
         Name,
@@ -41,32 +44,41 @@ stop_additional_node(Node) ->
 env_handler(Config) ->
     fun
         (emqx_ft) ->
-            load_config(#{enable => true, storage => local_storage(Config)});
+            load_config(#{<<"enable">> => true, <<"storage">> => local_storage(Config)});
         (_) ->
             ok
     end.
 
 local_storage(Config) ->
+    local_storage(Config, #{exporter => local}).
+
+local_storage(Config, Opts) ->
     #{
-        type => local,
-        segments => #{
-            root => root(Config, node(), [segments])
-        },
-        exporter => #{
-            type => local,
-            root => root(Config, node(), [exports])
-        }
+        <<"type">> => <<"local">>,
+        <<"segments">> => #{<<"root">> => root(Config, node(), [segments])},
+        <<"exporter">> => exporter(Config, Opts)
+    }.
+
+exporter(Config, #{exporter := local}) ->
+    #{<<"type">> => <<"local">>, <<"root">> => root(Config, node(), [exports])};
+exporter(_Config, #{exporter := s3, bucket_name := BucketName}) ->
+    BaseConfig = emqx_s3_test_helpers:base_raw_config(tcp),
+    BaseConfig#{
+        <<"bucket">> => list_to_binary(BucketName),
+        <<"type">> => <<"s3">>,
+        <<"host">> => ?S3_HOST,
+        <<"port">> => ?S3_PORT
     }.
 
 load_config(Config) ->
-    emqx_common_test_helpers:load_config(emqx_ft_schema, #{file_transfer => Config}).
+    emqx_common_test_helpers:load_config(emqx_ft_schema, #{<<"file_transfer">> => Config}).
 
 tcp_port(Node) ->
     {_, Port} = rpc:call(Node, emqx_config, get, [[listeners, tcp, default, bind]]),
     Port.
 
 root(Config, Node, Tail) ->
-    filename:join([?config(priv_dir, Config), "file_transfer", Node | Tail]).
+    iolist_to_binary(filename:join([?config(priv_dir, Config), "file_transfer", Node | Tail])).
 
 start_client(ClientId) ->
     start_client(ClientId, node()).
@@ -94,9 +106,21 @@ upload_file(ClientId, FileId, Name, Data, Node) ->
     ct:pal("MetaPayload = ~ts", [MetaPayload]),
 
     MetaTopic = <<"$file/", FileId/binary, "/init">>,
-    {ok, _} = emqtt:publish(C1, MetaTopic, MetaPayload, 1),
-    {ok, _} = emqtt:publish(C1, <<"$file/", FileId/binary, "/0">>, Data, 1),
+    {ok, #{reason_code_name := success}} = emqtt:publish(C1, MetaTopic, MetaPayload, 1),
+    {ok, #{reason_code_name := success}} = emqtt:publish(
+        C1, <<"$file/", FileId/binary, "/0">>, Data, 1
+    ),
 
     FinTopic = <<"$file/", FileId/binary, "/fin/", (integer_to_binary(Size))/binary>>,
-    {ok, _} = emqtt:publish(C1, FinTopic, <<>>, 1),
-    ok = emqtt:stop(C1).
+    FinResult =
+        case emqtt:publish(C1, FinTopic, <<>>, 1) of
+            {ok, #{reason_code_name := success}} ->
+                ok;
+            {ok, #{reason_code_name := Error}} ->
+                {error, Error}
+        end,
+    ok = emqtt:stop(C1),
+    FinResult.
+
+aws_config() ->
+    emqx_s3_test_helpers:aws_config(tcp, binary_to_list(?S3_HOST), ?S3_PORT).
diff --git a/apps/emqx_s3/test/emqx_s3_test_helpers.erl b/apps/emqx_s3/test/emqx_s3_test_helpers.erl
index 2edd52609..a73f618af 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_s3/test/emqx_s3_test_helpers.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_s3/test/emqx_s3_test_helpers.erl
@@ -36,19 +36,24 @@
 %%--------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 aws_config(tcp) ->
+    aws_config(tcp, ?TCP_HOST, ?TCP_PORT);
+aws_config(tls) ->
+    aws_config(tls, ?TLS_HOST, ?TLS_PORT).
+
+aws_config(tcp, Host, Port) ->
     erlcloud_s3_new(
         ?ACCESS_KEY_ID,
         ?SECRET_ACCESS_KEY,
-        ?TCP_HOST,
-        ?TCP_PORT,
+        Host,
+        Port,
         "http://"
     );
-aws_config(tls) ->
+aws_config(tls, Host, Port) ->
     erlcloud_s3_new(
         ?ACCESS_KEY_ID,
         ?SECRET_ACCESS_KEY,
-        ?TLS_HOST,
-        ?TLS_PORT,
+        Host,
+        Port,
         "https://"
     ).
 
diff --git a/rel/i18n/emqx_ft_schema.hocon b/rel/i18n/emqx_ft_schema.hocon
index e7e551289..64b9bd67e 100644
--- a/rel/i18n/emqx_ft_schema.hocon
+++ b/rel/i18n/emqx_ft_schema.hocon
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ emqx_ft_schema {
 enable.desc:
 """Enable the File Transfer feature.<br/>
 Enabling File Transfer implies reserving special MQTT topics in order to serve the protocol.<br/>
-This toggle does not have an effect neither on the availability of the File Transfer REST API, nor
-on storage-dependent background activities (e.g. garbage collection)."""
+This toggle also affects the availability of the File Transfer REST API and
+storage-dependent background activities (e.g. garbage collection)."""
 
 init_timeout.desc:
 """Timeout for initializing the file transfer.<br/>