From a51baaa206bbbb084a7b9568e1f391fc4722762e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Mayorov <encube.ul@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Jun 2023 14:42:20 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] refactor(pluglib): move conversion utils to `emqx_utils_conv`

---
 .../src/emqx_bridge_influxdb_connector.erl    |   4 +-
 .../src/emqx_bridge_kafka_impl_consumer.erl   |   2 +-
 .../src/emqx_bridge_kafka_impl_producer.erl   |   2 +-
 .../src/emqx_bridge_pulsar_impl_producer.erl  |   2 +-
 .../src/emqx_bridge_sqlserver_connector.erl   |   2 +-
 apps/emqx_oracle/src/emqx_oracle.erl          |  10 +-
 .../src/emqx_plugin_libs_rule.erl             |  41 +-----
 .../test/emqx_plugin_libs_rule_SUITE.erl      |  23 +---
 apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_funcs.erl |  40 +++---
 apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_maps.erl  |   2 +-
 .../test/emqx_rule_funcs_SUITE.erl            |   6 +-
 apps/emqx_utils/src/emqx_placeholder.erl      |   4 +-
 apps/emqx_utils/src/emqx_utils_conv.erl       | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../emqx_utils/test/emqx_utils_conv_tests.erl |  44 ++++++
 14 files changed, 215 insertions(+), 92 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 apps/emqx_utils/src/emqx_utils_conv.erl
 create mode 100644 apps/emqx_utils/test/emqx_utils_conv_tests.erl

diff --git a/apps/emqx_bridge_influxdb/src/emqx_bridge_influxdb_connector.erl b/apps/emqx_bridge_influxdb/src/emqx_bridge_influxdb_connector.erl
index 71ab85c58..adf61918a 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_bridge_influxdb/src/emqx_bridge_influxdb_connector.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_bridge_influxdb/src/emqx_bridge_influxdb_connector.erl
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ value_type(Val) ->
     Val.
 
 key_filter(undefined) -> undefined;
-key_filter(Value) -> emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(Value).
+key_filter(Value) -> emqx_utils_conv:bin(Value).
 
 data_filter(undefined) -> undefined;
 data_filter(Int) when is_integer(Int) -> Int;
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ data_filter(Number) when is_number(Number) -> Number;
 data_filter(Bool) when is_boolean(Bool) -> Bool;
 data_filter(Data) -> bin(Data).
 
-bin(Data) -> emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(Data).
+bin(Data) -> emqx_utils_conv:bin(Data).
 
 %% helper funcs
 log_error_points(InstId, Errs) ->
diff --git a/apps/emqx_bridge_kafka/src/emqx_bridge_kafka_impl_consumer.erl b/apps/emqx_bridge_kafka/src/emqx_bridge_kafka_impl_consumer.erl
index 9d03d53f9..a95e67b8d 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_bridge_kafka/src/emqx_bridge_kafka_impl_consumer.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_bridge_kafka/src/emqx_bridge_kafka_impl_consumer.erl
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ render(FullMessage, PayloadTemplate) ->
             (undefined) ->
                 <<>>;
             (X) ->
-                emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(X)
+                emqx_utils_conv:bin(X)
         end
     },
     emqx_placeholder:proc_tmpl(PayloadTemplate, FullMessage, Opts).
diff --git a/apps/emqx_bridge_kafka/src/emqx_bridge_kafka_impl_producer.erl b/apps/emqx_bridge_kafka/src/emqx_bridge_kafka_impl_producer.erl
index cb8427cc5..2d48c788b 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_bridge_kafka/src/emqx_bridge_kafka_impl_producer.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_bridge_kafka/src/emqx_bridge_kafka_impl_producer.erl
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ render(Template, Message) ->
     Opts = #{
         var_trans => fun
             (undefined) -> <<"">>;
-            (X) -> emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(X)
+            (X) -> emqx_utils_conv:bin(X)
         end,
         return => full_binary
     },
diff --git a/apps/emqx_bridge_pulsar/src/emqx_bridge_pulsar_impl_producer.erl b/apps/emqx_bridge_pulsar/src/emqx_bridge_pulsar_impl_producer.erl
index 0b5885c16..133b98710 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_bridge_pulsar/src/emqx_bridge_pulsar_impl_producer.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_bridge_pulsar/src/emqx_bridge_pulsar_impl_producer.erl
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ render(Message, Template) ->
     Opts = #{
         var_trans => fun
             (undefined) -> <<"">>;
-            (X) -> emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(X)
+            (X) -> emqx_utils_conv:bin(X)
         end,
         return => full_binary
     },
diff --git a/apps/emqx_bridge_sqlserver/src/emqx_bridge_sqlserver_connector.erl b/apps/emqx_bridge_sqlserver/src/emqx_bridge_sqlserver_connector.erl
index edd8770f5..cb0c0e16e 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_bridge_sqlserver/src/emqx_bridge_sqlserver_connector.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_bridge_sqlserver/src/emqx_bridge_sqlserver_connector.erl
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 %% Internal exports used to execute code with ecpool worker
 -export([do_get_status/1, worker_do_insert/3]).
 
--import(emqx_plugin_libs_rule, [str/1]).
+-import(emqx_utils_conv, [str/1]).
 -import(hoconsc, [mk/2, enum/1, ref/2]).
 
 -define(ACTION_SEND_MESSAGE, send_message).
diff --git a/apps/emqx_oracle/src/emqx_oracle.erl b/apps/emqx_oracle/src/emqx_oracle.erl
index 5d80c0d56..d6fd51847 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_oracle/src/emqx_oracle.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_oracle/src/emqx_oracle.erl
@@ -93,14 +93,14 @@ on_start(
     ServiceName =
         case maps:get(service_name, Config, undefined) of
             undefined -> undefined;
-            ServiceName0 -> emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(ServiceName0)
+            ServiceName0 -> emqx_utils_conv:str(ServiceName0)
         end,
     Options = [
         {host, Host},
         {port, Port},
-        {user, emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(User)},
+        {user, emqx_utils_conv:str(User)},
         {password, jamdb_secret:wrap(maps:get(password, Config, ""))},
-        {sid, emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(Sid)},
+        {sid, emqx_utils_conv:str(Sid)},
         {service_name, ServiceName},
         {pool_size, maps:get(<<"pool_size">>, Config, ?DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE)},
         {timeout, ?OPT_TIMEOUT},
@@ -268,14 +268,14 @@ connect(Opts) ->
     jamdb_oracle:start_link(Opts).
 
 sql_query_to_str(SqlQuery) ->
-    emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(SqlQuery).
+    emqx_utils_conv:str(SqlQuery).
 
 sql_params_to_str(Params) when is_list(Params) ->
     lists:map(
         fun
             (false) -> "0";
             (true) -> "1";
-            (Value) -> emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(Value)
+            (Value) -> emqx_utils_conv:str(Value)
         end,
         Params
     ).
diff --git a/apps/emqx_plugin_libs/src/emqx_plugin_libs_rule.erl b/apps/emqx_plugin_libs/src/emqx_plugin_libs_rule.erl
index fd792310b..aa9e38316 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_plugin_libs/src/emqx_plugin_libs_rule.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_plugin_libs/src/emqx_plugin_libs_rule.erl
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 
 %% type converting
 -export([
-    str/1,
-    bin/1,
     bool/1,
     int/1,
     float/1,
@@ -36,7 +34,6 @@
     map/1,
     utf8_bin/1,
     utf8_str/1,
-    number_to_binary/1,
     atom_key/1,
     unsafe_atom_key/1
 ]).
@@ -172,39 +169,15 @@ tcp_connectivity(Host, Port, Timeout) ->
             {error, Reason}
     end.
 
-str(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) -> binary_to_list(Bin);
-str(Num) when is_number(Num) -> number_to_list(Num);
-str(Atom) when is_atom(Atom) -> atom_to_list(Atom);
-str(Map) when is_map(Map) -> binary_to_list(emqx_utils_json:encode(Map));
-str(List) when is_list(List) ->
-    case io_lib:printable_list(List) of
-        true -> List;
-        false -> binary_to_list(emqx_utils_json:encode(List))
-    end;
-str(Data) ->
-    error({invalid_str, Data}).
-
 utf8_bin(Str) when is_binary(Str); is_list(Str) ->
     unicode:characters_to_binary(Str);
 utf8_bin(Str) ->
-    unicode:characters_to_binary(bin(Str)).
+    unicode:characters_to_binary(emqx_utils_conv:bin(Str)).
 
 utf8_str(Str) when is_binary(Str); is_list(Str) ->
     unicode:characters_to_list(Str);
 utf8_str(Str) ->
-    unicode:characters_to_list(str(Str)).
-
-bin(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) -> Bin;
-bin(Num) when is_number(Num) -> number_to_binary(Num);
-bin(Atom) when is_atom(Atom) -> atom_to_binary(Atom, utf8);
-bin(Map) when is_map(Map) -> emqx_utils_json:encode(Map);
-bin(List) when is_list(List) ->
-    case io_lib:printable_list(List) of
-        true -> list_to_binary(List);
-        false -> emqx_utils_json:encode(List)
-    end;
-bin(Data) ->
-    error({invalid_bin, Data}).
+    unicode:characters_to_list(emqx_utils_conv:str(Str)).
 
 int(List) when is_list(List) ->
     try
@@ -274,13 +247,3 @@ bool(Bool) when
     false;
 bool(Bool) ->
     error({invalid_boolean, Bool}).
-
-number_to_binary(Int) when is_integer(Int) ->
-    integer_to_binary(Int);
-number_to_binary(Float) when is_float(Float) ->
-    float_to_binary(Float, [{decimals, 10}, compact]).
-
-number_to_list(Int) when is_integer(Int) ->
-    integer_to_list(Int);
-number_to_list(Float) when is_float(Float) ->
-    float_to_list(Float, [{decimals, 10}, compact]).
diff --git a/apps/emqx_plugin_libs/test/emqx_plugin_libs_rule_SUITE.erl b/apps/emqx_plugin_libs/test/emqx_plugin_libs_rule_SUITE.erl
index bf509f362..bb1ba838b 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_plugin_libs/test/emqx_plugin_libs_rule_SUITE.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_plugin_libs/test/emqx_plugin_libs_rule_SUITE.erl
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ all() -> emqx_common_test_helpers:all(?MODULE).
 t_http_connectivity(_) ->
     {ok, Socket} = gen_tcp:listen(?PORT, []),
     ok = emqx_plugin_libs_rule:http_connectivity(
-        "http://127.0.0.1:" ++ emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(?PORT), 1000
+        "http://127.0.0.1:" ++ integer_to_list(?PORT), 1000
     ),
     gen_tcp:close(Socket),
     {error, _} = emqx_plugin_libs_rule:http_connectivity(
-        "http://127.0.0.1:" ++ emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(?PORT), 1000
+        "http://127.0.0.1:" ++ integer_to_list(?PORT), 1000
     ).
 
 t_tcp_connectivity(_) ->
@@ -41,25 +41,6 @@ t_tcp_connectivity(_) ->
     gen_tcp:close(Socket),
     {error, _} = emqx_plugin_libs_rule:tcp_connectivity("127.0.0.1", ?PORT, 1000).
 
-t_str(_) ->
-    ?assertEqual("abc", emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str("abc")),
-    ?assertEqual("abc", emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(abc)),
-    ?assertEqual("{\"a\":1}", emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(#{a => 1})),
-    ?assertEqual("1", emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(1)),
-    ?assertEqual("2.0", emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(2.0)),
-    ?assertEqual("true", emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str(true)),
-    ?assertError(_, emqx_plugin_libs_rule:str({a, v})).
-
-t_bin(_) ->
-    ?assertEqual(<<"abc">>, emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin("abc")),
-    ?assertEqual(<<"abc">>, emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(abc)),
-    ?assertEqual(<<"{\"a\":1}">>, emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(#{a => 1})),
-    ?assertEqual(<<"[{\"a\":1}]">>, emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin([#{a => 1}])),
-    ?assertEqual(<<"1">>, emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(1)),
-    ?assertEqual(<<"2.0">>, emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(2.0)),
-    ?assertEqual(<<"true">>, emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(true)),
-    ?assertError(_, emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin({a, v})).
-
 t_atom_key(_) ->
     _ = erlang,
     _ = port,
diff --git a/apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_funcs.erl b/apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_funcs.erl
index a94aa0c8a..de9bf0485 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_funcs.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_funcs.erl
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 -module(emqx_rule_funcs).
 
 -include("rule_engine.hrl").
--include_lib("emqx/include/emqx.hrl").
 -include_lib("emqx/include/logger.hrl").
 
 -elvis([{elvis_style, god_modules, disable}]).
@@ -266,8 +265,6 @@
     ]}
 ).
 
--define(is_var(X), is_binary(X)).
-
 %% @doc "msgid()" Func
 msgid() ->
     fun
@@ -631,29 +628,42 @@ do_get_subbits(Bits, Sz, Len, <<"bits">>, <<"signed">>, <<"little">>) ->
 %%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 str(Data) ->
-    emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(Data).
+    emqx_utils_conv:bin(Data).
 
+str_utf8(Data) when is_binary(Data); is_list(Data) ->
+    unicode:characters_to_binary(Data);
 str_utf8(Data) ->
-    emqx_plugin_libs_rule:utf8_bin(Data).
+    unicode:characters_to_binary(str(Data)).
 
 bool(Data) ->
-    emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bool(Data).
+    emqx_utils_conv:bool(Data).
 
 int(Data) ->
-    emqx_plugin_libs_rule:int(Data).
+    emqx_utils_conv:int(Data).
 
 float(Data) ->
-    emqx_plugin_libs_rule:float(Data).
+    emqx_utils_conv:float(Data).
 
 float(Data, Decimals) when Decimals > 0 ->
-    Data1 = ?MODULE:float(Data),
+    Data1 = emqx_utils_conv:float(Data),
     list_to_float(float_to_list(Data1, [{decimals, Decimals}])).
 
 float2str(Float, Precision) ->
-    emqx_plugin_libs_rule:float2str(Float, Precision).
+    float_to_binary(Float, [{decimals, Precision}, compact]).
 
+map(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
+    case emqx_utils_json:decode(Bin) of
+        Map = #{} ->
+            Map;
+        _ ->
+            error(badarg, [Bin])
+    end;
+map(List) when is_list(List) ->
+    maps:from_list(List);
+map(Map = #{}) ->
+    Map;
 map(Data) ->
-    emqx_plugin_libs_rule:map(Data).
+    error(badarg, [Data]).
 
 bin2hexstr(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
     emqx_utils:bin_to_hexstr(Bin, upper).
@@ -895,7 +905,7 @@ mget(Key, Map, Default) ->
             Val;
         error when is_atom(Key) ->
             %% the map may have an equivalent binary-form key
-            BinKey = emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(Key),
+            BinKey = emqx_utils_conv:bin(Key),
             case maps:find(BinKey, Map) of
                 {ok, Val} -> Val;
                 error -> Default
@@ -922,7 +932,7 @@ mput(Key, Val, Map) ->
             maps:put(Key, Val, Map);
         error when is_atom(Key) ->
             %% the map may have an equivalent binary-form key
-            BinKey = emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(Key),
+            BinKey = emqx_utils_conv:bin(Key),
             case maps:find(BinKey, Map) of
                 {ok, _} -> maps:put(BinKey, Val, Map);
                 error -> maps:put(Key, Val, Map)
@@ -1053,7 +1063,7 @@ unix_ts_to_rfc3339(Epoch) ->
     unix_ts_to_rfc3339(Epoch, <<"second">>).
 
 unix_ts_to_rfc3339(Epoch, Unit) when is_integer(Epoch) ->
-    emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(
+    emqx_utils_conv:bin(
         calendar:system_time_to_rfc3339(
             Epoch, [{unit, time_unit(Unit)}]
         )
@@ -1090,7 +1100,7 @@ format_date(TimeUnit, Offset, FormatString) ->
 
 format_date(TimeUnit, Offset, FormatString, TimeEpoch) ->
     Unit = time_unit(TimeUnit),
-    emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(
+    emqx_utils_conv:bin(
         lists:concat(
             emqx_calendar:format(TimeEpoch, Unit, Offset, FormatString)
         )
diff --git a/apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_maps.erl b/apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_maps.erl
index 3dfffca46..baf83ff6f 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_maps.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_rule_engine/src/emqx_rule_maps.erl
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ general_find({key, Key}, Map, _OrgData, Handler) when is_map(Map) ->
             Handler({found, {{key, Key}, Val}});
         error when is_atom(Key) ->
             %% the map may have an equivalent binary-form key
-            BinKey = emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(Key),
+            BinKey = atom_to_binary(Key),
             case maps:find(BinKey, Map) of
                 {ok, Val} -> Handler({equivalent, {{key, BinKey}, Val}});
                 error -> Handler(not_found)
diff --git a/apps/emqx_rule_engine/test/emqx_rule_funcs_SUITE.erl b/apps/emqx_rule_engine/test/emqx_rule_funcs_SUITE.erl
index 12110b206..6e67f6cd1 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_rule_engine/test/emqx_rule_funcs_SUITE.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_rule_engine/test/emqx_rule_funcs_SUITE.erl
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ t_int(_) ->
     ?assertEqual(1, emqx_rule_funcs:int(1.0001)),
     ?assertEqual(1, emqx_rule_funcs:int(true)),
     ?assertEqual(0, emqx_rule_funcs:int(false)),
-    ?assertError({invalid_number, {a, v}}, emqx_rule_funcs:int({a, v})),
+    ?assertError(badarg, emqx_rule_funcs:int({a, v})),
     ?assertError(_, emqx_rule_funcs:int("a")).
 
 t_float(_) ->
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ t_float(_) ->
     ?assertEqual(1.9, emqx_rule_funcs:float(1.9)),
     ?assertEqual(1.0001, emqx_rule_funcs:float(1.0001)),
     ?assertEqual(1.0000000001, emqx_rule_funcs:float(1.0000000001)),
-    ?assertError({invalid_number, {a, v}}, emqx_rule_funcs:float({a, v})),
+    ?assertError(badarg, emqx_rule_funcs:float({a, v})),
     ?assertError(_, emqx_rule_funcs:float("a")).
 
 t_map(_) ->
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ t_bool(_) ->
     ?assertEqual(true, emqx_rule_funcs:bool(<<"true">>)),
     ?assertEqual(false, emqx_rule_funcs:bool(false)),
     ?assertEqual(false, emqx_rule_funcs:bool(<<"false">>)),
-    ?assertError({invalid_boolean, _}, emqx_rule_funcs:bool(3)).
+    ?assertError(badarg, emqx_rule_funcs:bool(3)).
 
 t_proc_dict_put_get_del(_) ->
     ?assertEqual(undefined, emqx_rule_funcs:proc_dict_get(<<"abc">>)),
diff --git a/apps/emqx_utils/src/emqx_placeholder.erl b/apps/emqx_utils/src/emqx_placeholder.erl
index babac8a84..861548f93 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_utils/src/emqx_placeholder.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_utils/src/emqx_placeholder.erl
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ proc_tmpl(Tokens, Data) ->
 
 -spec proc_tmpl(tmpl_token(), map(), proc_tmpl_opts()) -> binary() | list().
 proc_tmpl(Tokens, Data, Opts = #{return := full_binary}) ->
-    Trans = maps:get(var_trans, Opts, fun emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin/1),
+    Trans = maps:get(var_trans, Opts, fun emqx_utils_conv:bin/1),
     list_to_binary(
         proc_tmpl(Tokens, Data, #{return => rawlist, var_trans => Trans})
     );
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ sql_data(Atom) when is_atom(Atom) -> atom_to_binary(Atom, utf8);
 sql_data(Map) when is_map(Map) -> emqx_utils_json:encode(Map).
 
 -spec bin(term()) -> binary().
-bin(Val) -> emqx_plugin_libs_rule:bin(Val).
+bin(Val) -> emqx_utils_conv:bin(Val).
 
 -spec quote_sql(_Value) -> iolist().
 quote_sql(Str) ->
diff --git a/apps/emqx_utils/src/emqx_utils_conv.erl b/apps/emqx_utils/src/emqx_utils_conv.erl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9879d3a9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/emqx_utils/src/emqx_utils_conv.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% Copyright (c) 2017-2023 EMQ Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+%% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+%% You may obtain a copy of the License at
+%%
+%%     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+%%
+%% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+%% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+%% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+%% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+%% limitations under the License.
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-module(emqx_utils_conv).
+
+-export([bin/1]).
+-export([str/1]).
+-export([bool/1]).
+-export([int/1]).
+-export([float/1]).
+
+-compile({no_auto_import, [float/1]}).
+
+-type scalar() :: binary() | number() | atom() | string().
+
+-spec bin(Term) -> binary() when
+    Term :: scalar() | #{scalar() => Term} | [Term].
+bin(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) -> Bin;
+bin(Num) when is_number(Num) -> number_to_binary(Num);
+bin(Atom) when is_atom(Atom) -> atom_to_binary(Atom, utf8);
+bin(Map) when is_map(Map) -> emqx_utils_json:encode(Map);
+bin(List) when is_list(List) ->
+    case io_lib:printable_list(List) of
+        true -> list_to_binary(List);
+        false -> emqx_utils_json:encode(List)
+    end;
+bin(Data) ->
+    error({invalid_bin, Data}).
+
+-spec str(Term) -> string() when
+    Term :: scalar() | #{scalar() => Term} | [Term].
+str(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) -> binary_to_list(Bin);
+str(Num) when is_number(Num) -> number_to_list(Num);
+str(Atom) when is_atom(Atom) -> atom_to_list(Atom);
+str(Map) when is_map(Map) -> binary_to_list(emqx_utils_json:encode(Map));
+str(List) when is_list(List) ->
+    case io_lib:printable_list(List) of
+        true -> List;
+        false -> binary_to_list(emqx_utils_json:encode(List))
+    end;
+str(Data) ->
+    error({invalid_str, Data}).
+
+-spec number_to_binary(number()) -> binary().
+number_to_binary(Int) when is_integer(Int) ->
+    integer_to_binary(Int);
+number_to_binary(Float) when is_float(Float) ->
+    float_to_binary(Float, [{decimals, 10}, compact]).
+
+-spec number_to_list(number()) -> string().
+number_to_list(Int) when is_integer(Int) ->
+    integer_to_list(Int);
+number_to_list(Float) when is_float(Float) ->
+    float_to_list(Float, [{decimals, 10}, compact]).
+
+-spec bool(Term) -> boolean() when
+    Term :: boolean() | binary() | 0..1.
+bool(true) -> true;
+bool(<<"true">>) -> true;
+bool(N) when N == 1 -> true;
+bool(false) -> false;
+bool(<<"false">>) -> false;
+bool(N) when N == 0 -> false;
+bool(Data) -> error(badarg, [Data]).
+
+-spec int(Term) -> integer() when
+    Term :: binary() | string() | number() | boolean().
+int(List) when is_list(List) ->
+    try
+        list_to_integer(List)
+    catch
+        error:badarg ->
+            int(list_to_float(List))
+    end;
+int(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
+    try
+        binary_to_integer(Bin)
+    catch
+        error:badarg ->
+            int(binary_to_float(Bin))
+    end;
+int(Int) when is_integer(Int) ->
+    Int;
+int(Float) when is_float(Float) ->
+    erlang:floor(Float);
+int(true) ->
+    1;
+int(false) ->
+    0;
+int(Data) ->
+    error(badarg, [Data]).
+
+-spec float(Term) -> float() when
+    Term :: binary() | string() | number().
+float(List) when is_list(List) ->
+    try
+        list_to_float(List)
+    catch
+        error:badarg ->
+            float(list_to_integer(List))
+    end;
+float(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
+    try
+        binary_to_float(Bin)
+    catch
+        error:badarg ->
+            float(binary_to_integer(Bin))
+    end;
+float(Num) when is_number(Num) ->
+    erlang:float(Num);
+float(Data) ->
+    error(badarg, [Data]).
diff --git a/apps/emqx_utils/test/emqx_utils_conv_tests.erl b/apps/emqx_utils/test/emqx_utils_conv_tests.erl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b60467264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/emqx_utils/test/emqx_utils_conv_tests.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% Copyright (c) 2020-2023 EMQ Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+%% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+%% You may obtain a copy of the License at
+%%
+%%     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+%%
+%% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+%% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+%% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+%% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+%% limitations under the License.
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-module(emqx_utils_conv_tests).
+
+-import(emqx_utils_conv, [bin/1, str/1]).
+
+-include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
+
+bin_test_() ->
+    [
+        ?_assertEqual(<<"abc">>, bin("abc")),
+        ?_assertEqual(<<"abc">>, bin(abc)),
+        ?_assertEqual(<<"{\"a\":1}">>, bin(#{a => 1})),
+        ?_assertEqual(<<"[{\"a\":1}]">>, bin([#{a => 1}])),
+        ?_assertEqual(<<"1">>, bin(1)),
+        ?_assertEqual(<<"2.0">>, bin(2.0)),
+        ?_assertEqual(<<"true">>, bin(true)),
+        ?_assertError(_, bin({a, v}))
+    ].
+
+str_test_() ->
+    [
+        ?_assertEqual("abc", str("abc")),
+        ?_assertEqual("abc", str(abc)),
+        ?_assertEqual("{\"a\":1}", str(#{a => 1})),
+        ?_assertEqual("1", str(1)),
+        ?_assertEqual("2.0", str(2.0)),
+        ?_assertEqual("true", str(true)),
+        ?_assertError(_, str({a, v}))
+    ].