diff --git a/apps/emqx_durable_storage/dev/storage_efficiency.erl b/apps/emqx_durable_storage/dev/storage_efficiency.erl
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+++ b/apps/emqx_durable_storage/dev/storage_efficiency.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% Copyright (c) 2024 EMQ Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+%% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+%% You may obtain a copy of the License at
+%%
+%%     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+%%
+%% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+%% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+%% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+%% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+%% limitations under the License.
+%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @doc This script can be loaded to a running EMQX EE node. It will
+%% create a number of DS databases with different options and fill
+%% them with data of given size.
+%%
+%% Then it will measure size of the database directories and create
+%% a "storage (in)efficiency" report.
+-module(storage_efficiency).
+
+-include_lib("emqx_utils/include/emqx_message.hrl").
+
+%% API:
+-export([run/0, run/1]).
+
+%%================================================================================
+%% API functions
+%%================================================================================
+
+run() ->
+    run(#{}).
+
+run(Custom) ->
+    RunConf = maps:merge(
+        #{
+            %% Sleep between batches:
+            sleep => 1_000,
+            %% Don't run test, only plot data:
+            dry_run => false,
+            %% Payload size multiplier:
+            size => 10,
+            %% Number of batches:
+            batches => 100,
+            %% Add generation every N batches:
+            add_generation => 10
+        },
+        Custom
+    ),
+    lists:foreach(
+        fun(DBConf) ->
+            run(DBConf, RunConf)
+        end,
+        configs()
+    ).
+
+%% erlfmt-ignore
+gnuplot_script(Filename) ->
+    "set terminal qt\n"
+    %% "set logscale y 10\n"
+    "set title \"" ++ filename:basename(Filename, ".dat") ++ "\"\n"
+    "set key autotitle columnheader\n"
+    "plot for [n=2:*] \"" ++ Filename ++ "\" using 1:n with linespoints".
+
+%%================================================================================
+%% Internal functions
+%%================================================================================
+
+configs() ->
+    [
+        {'benchmark-skipstream-asn1',
+            db_conf({emqx_ds_storage_skipstream_lts, #{serialization_schema => asn1}})},
+        {'benchmark-skipstream-v1',
+            db_conf({emqx_ds_storage_skipstream_lts, #{serialization_schema => v1}})},
+        {'benchmark-bitfield', db_conf({emqx_ds_storage_bitfield_lts, #{}})}
+    ].
+
+db_conf(Storage) ->
+    #{
+        backend => builtin_local,
+        %% n_sites => 1,
+        n_shards => 1,
+        %% replication_factor => 1,
+        %% replication_options => #{},
+        storage => Storage
+    }.
+
+-record(s, {
+    data_size = 0,
+    payload_size = 0,
+    n_messages = 0,
+    datapoints = #{},
+    x_axis = []
+}).
+
+run({DB, Config}, RunConf) ->
+    #{
+        batches := NBatches,
+        size := PSMultiplier,
+        add_generation := AddGeneration,
+        sleep := Sleep,
+        dry_run := DryRun
+    } = RunConf,
+    {ok, _} = application:ensure_all_started(emqx_ds_backends),
+    Dir = dir(DB),
+    Filename = atom_to_list(DB) ++ ".dat",
+    DryRun orelse
+        begin
+            io:format(user, "Running benchmark for ~p in ~p~n", [DB, Dir]),
+            %% Ensure safe directory:
+            {match, _} = re:run(Dir, filename:join("data", DB)),
+            %% Ensure clean state:
+            ok = emqx_ds:open_db(DB, Config),
+            ok = emqx_ds:drop_db(DB),
+            ok = file:del_dir_r(Dir),
+            %% Open a fresh DB:
+            ok = emqx_ds:open_db(DB, Config),
+            S = lists:foldl(
+                fun(Batch, Acc0) ->
+                    Size = PSMultiplier * Batch,
+                    io:format(user, "Storing batch with payload size ~p~n", [Size]),
+                    Acc1 = store_batch(DB, Size, Acc0),
+                    %% Sleep so all data is hopefully flushed:
+                    timer:sleep(Sleep),
+                    (Batch div AddGeneration) =:= 0 andalso
+                        emqx_ds:add_generation(DB),
+                    collect_datapoint(DB, Acc1)
+                end,
+                collect_datapoint(DB, #s{}),
+                lists:seq(1, NBatches)
+            ),
+            {ok, FD} = file:open(Filename, [write]),
+            io:put_chars(FD, print(S)),
+            file:close(FD)
+        end,
+    os:cmd("echo '" ++ gnuplot_script(Filename) ++ "' | gnuplot --persist -"),
+    ok.
+
+collect_datapoint(
+    DB, S0 = #s{n_messages = N, data_size = DS, payload_size = PS, datapoints = DP0, x_axis = X}
+) ->
+    NewData = [{"$_n", N}, {"$data", DS}, {"$payloads", PS} | dirsize(DB)],
+    DP = lists:foldl(
+        fun({Key, Val}, Acc) ->
+            maps:update_with(
+                Key,
+                fun(M) -> M#{N => Val} end,
+                #{},
+                Acc
+            )
+        end,
+        DP0,
+        NewData
+    ),
+    S0#s{
+        datapoints = DP,
+        x_axis = [N | X]
+    }.
+
+print(#s{x_axis = XX, datapoints = DP}) ->
+    Cols = lists:sort(maps:keys(DP)),
+    Lines = [
+        %% Print header:
+        Cols
+        %% Scan through rows:
+        | [
+            %% Scan throgh columns:
+            [integer_to_binary(maps:get(X, maps:get(Col, DP), 0)) || Col <- Cols]
+         || X <- lists:reverse(XX)
+        ]
+    ],
+    lists:join(
+        "\n",
+        [lists:join(" ", Line) || Line <- Lines]
+    ).
+
+dirsize(DB) ->
+    RawOutput = os:cmd("cd " ++ dir(DB) ++ "; du -b --max-depth 1 ."),
+    [
+        begin
+            [Sz, Dir] = string:lexemes(L, "\t"),
+            {Dir, list_to_integer(Sz)}
+        end
+     || L <- string:lexemes(RawOutput, "\n")
+    ].
+
+dir(DB) ->
+    filename:join(emqx_ds_storage_layer:base_dir(), DB).
+
+store_batch(DB, PayloadSize, S0 = #s{n_messages = N, data_size = DS, payload_size = PS}) ->
+    From = rand:bytes(16),
+    BatchSize = 50,
+    Batch = [
+        #message{
+            id = emqx_guid:gen(),
+            timestamp = emqx_message:timestamp_now(),
+            payload = rand:bytes(PayloadSize),
+            from = From,
+            topic = emqx_topic:join([
+                <<"blah">>,
+                <<"blah">>,
+                '',
+                <<"blah">>,
+                From,
+                <<"bazzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz">>,
+                integer_to_binary(I)
+            ])
+        }
+     || I <- lists:seq(1, BatchSize)
+    ],
+    ok = emqx_ds:store_batch(DB, Batch, #{sync => true}),
+    S0#s{
+        n_messages = N + length(Batch),
+        data_size = DS + lists:sum(lists:map(fun msg_size/1, Batch)),
+        payload_size = PS + length(Batch) * PayloadSize
+    }.
+
+%% We consider MQTT wire encoding to be "close to the ideal".
+msg_size(Msg = #message{}) ->
+    iolist_size(emqx_frame:serialize(emqx_message:to_packet(undefined, Msg))).