diff --git a/apps/emqx_bridge/test/emqx_bridge_compatible_config_tests.erl b/apps/emqx_bridge/test/emqx_bridge_compatible_config_tests.erl
index 540c18878..86cc1f5c6 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_bridge/test/emqx_bridge_compatible_config_tests.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_bridge/test/emqx_bridge_compatible_config_tests.erl
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ check(Conf) when is_map(Conf) ->
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 %% this is config generated from v5.0.11
 webhook_v5011_hocon() ->
-"""
+"
 bridges{
   webhook {
     the_name{
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ bridges{
     }
   }
 }
-""".
+".
 
 full_webhook_v5011_hocon() ->
     ""
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ full_webhook_v5019_hocon() ->
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 %% this is a generated from v5.0.11
 mqtt_v5011_hocon() ->
-"""
+"
 bridges {
   mqtt {
     bridge_one {
@@ -257,12 +257,12 @@ bridges {
     }
   }
 }
-""".
+".
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 %% a more complete version
 mqtt_v5011_full_hocon() ->
-"""
+"
 bridges {
   mqtt {
     bridge_one {
@@ -330,4 +330,4 @@ bridges {
     }
   }
 }
-""".
+".
diff --git a/apps/emqx_bridge_azure_event_hub/test/emqx_bridge_azure_event_hub_tests.erl b/apps/emqx_bridge_azure_event_hub/test/emqx_bridge_azure_event_hub_tests.erl
index 92d268d20..1b135d0f7 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_bridge_azure_event_hub/test/emqx_bridge_azure_event_hub_tests.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_bridge_azure_event_hub/test/emqx_bridge_azure_event_hub_tests.erl
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 aeh_producer_hocon() ->
-"""
+"
 bridges.azure_event_hub_producer.my_producer {
   enable = true
   authentication {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ bridges.azure_event_hub_producer.my_producer {
     server_name_indication = auto
   }
 }
-""".
+".
 
 %%===========================================================================
 %% Helper functions
diff --git a/apps/emqx_bridge_confluent/test/emqx_bridge_confluent_tests.erl b/apps/emqx_bridge_confluent/test/emqx_bridge_confluent_tests.erl
index 16e6e11fe..a7efebf89 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_bridge_confluent/test/emqx_bridge_confluent_tests.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_bridge_confluent/test/emqx_bridge_confluent_tests.erl
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 confluent_producer_action_hocon() ->
-"""
+"
 actions.confluent_producer.my_producer {
   enable = true
   connector = my_connector
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ actions.confluent_producer.my_producer {
   }
   local_topic = \"t/confluent\"
 }
-""".
+".
 
 confluent_producer_connector_hocon() ->
     ""
diff --git a/apps/emqx_bridge_gcp_pubsub/test/emqx_bridge_gcp_pubsub_tests.erl b/apps/emqx_bridge_gcp_pubsub/test/emqx_bridge_gcp_pubsub_tests.erl
index 885754470..de7467f62 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_bridge_gcp_pubsub/test/emqx_bridge_gcp_pubsub_tests.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_bridge_gcp_pubsub/test/emqx_bridge_gcp_pubsub_tests.erl
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 gcp_pubsub_producer_hocon() ->
-"""
+"
 bridges.gcp_pubsub.my_producer {
   attributes_template = [
     {key = \"${payload.key}\", value = fixed_value}
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ bridges.gcp_pubsub.my_producer {
     type = service_account
   }
 }
-""".
+".
 
 %%===========================================================================
 %% Helper functions
diff --git a/apps/emqx_bridge_http/test/emqx_bridge_http_connector_tests.erl b/apps/emqx_bridge_http/test/emqx_bridge_http_connector_tests.erl
index 4f5e2929c..f2de91123 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_bridge_http/test/emqx_bridge_http_connector_tests.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_bridge_http/test/emqx_bridge_http_connector_tests.erl
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ check_atom_key(Conf) when is_map(Conf) ->
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 webhook_config_hocon() ->
-"""
+"
 bridges.webhook.a {
   body = \"${.}\"
   connect_timeout = 15s
@@ -209,4 +209,4 @@ bridges.webhook.a {
   }
   url = \"http://some.host:4000/api/echo\"
 }
-""".
+".
diff --git a/apps/emqx_bridge_pulsar/test/emqx_bridge_pulsar_tests.erl b/apps/emqx_bridge_pulsar/test/emqx_bridge_pulsar_tests.erl
index 5492bb2a8..5b9c33fbb 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_bridge_pulsar/test/emqx_bridge_pulsar_tests.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_bridge_pulsar/test/emqx_bridge_pulsar_tests.erl
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ check_atom_key(Conf) when is_map(Conf) ->
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 pulsar_producer_hocon() ->
-"""
+"
 bridges.pulsar_producer.my_producer {
   enable = true
   servers = \"localhost:6650\"
@@ -90,4 +90,4 @@ bridges.pulsar_producer.my_producer {
     server_name_indication = \"auto\"
   }
 }
-""".
+".
diff --git a/apps/emqx_conf/test/emqx_conf_logger_SUITE.erl b/apps/emqx_conf/test/emqx_conf_logger_SUITE.erl
index 096136651..2cb699036 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_conf/test/emqx_conf_logger_SUITE.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_conf/test/emqx_conf_logger_SUITE.erl
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 -define(BASE_CONF,
-    """
+    "
     log {
        console {
          enable = true
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
          path = \"log/emqx.log\"
        }
     }
-    """).
+    ").
 
 all() ->
     emqx_common_test_helpers:all(?MODULE).
diff --git a/apps/emqx_conf/test/emqx_conf_schema_tests.erl b/apps/emqx_conf/test/emqx_conf_schema_tests.erl
index 4fca88a00..22f8c5575 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_conf/test/emqx_conf_schema_tests.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_conf/test/emqx_conf_schema_tests.erl
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 -define(BASE_CONF,
-    """
+    "
              node {
                 name = \"emqx1@127.0.0.1\"
                 cookie = \"emqxsecretcookie\"
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
                 static.seeds = ~p
                 core_nodes = ~p
              }
-    """).
+    ").
 
 array_nodes_test() ->
     ensure_acl_conf(),
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ array_nodes_test() ->
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 -define(OUTDATED_LOG_CONF,
-    """
+    "
 log.console_handler {
   burst_limit {
     enable = true
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ log.file_handlers {
     time_offset = \"+01:00\"
   }
 }
-    """
+    "
 ).
 -define(FORMATTER(TimeOffset),
     {emqx_logger_textfmt, #{
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ validate_log(Conf) ->
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 -define(FILE_LOG_BASE_CONF,
-    """
+    "
     log.file.default {
         enable = true
         file = \"log/xx-emqx.log\"
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ validate_log(Conf) ->
         rotation_size = ~s
         time_offset = \"+01:00\"
       }
-    """
+    "
 ).
 
 file_log_infinity_rotation_size_test_() ->
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ file_log_infinity_rotation_size_test_() ->
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 -define(KERNEL_LOG_CONF,
-    """
+    "
     log.console {
        enable = true
        formatter = text
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ file_log_infinity_rotation_size_test_() ->
         enable = true
         file = \"log/my-emqx.log\"
       }
-    """
+    "
 ).
 
 log_test() ->
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ log_test() ->
 log_rotation_count_limit_test() ->
     ensure_acl_conf(),
     Format =
-    """
+    "
     log.file {
     enable = true
     path = \"log/emqx.log\"
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ log_rotation_count_limit_test() ->
     rotation = {count = ~w}
     rotation_size = \"1024MB\"
     }
-    """,
+    ",
     BaseConf = to_bin(?BASE_CONF, ["emqx1@127.0.0.1", "emqx1@127.0.0.1"]),
     lists:foreach(fun({Conf, Count}) ->
         Conf0 = <<BaseConf/binary, Conf/binary>>,
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ log_rotation_count_limit_test() ->
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 -define(BASE_AUTHN_ARRAY,
-    """
+    "
         authentication = [
           {backend = \"http\"
           body {password = \"${password}\", username = \"${username}\"}
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ log_rotation_count_limit_test() ->
           url = \"~ts\"
         }
         ]
-    """
+    "
 ).
 
 -define(ERROR(Error),
@@ -396,13 +396,13 @@ authn_validations_test() ->
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 -define(LISTENERS,
-    """
+    "
         listeners.ssl.default.bind = 9999
         listeners.wss.default.bind = 9998
         listeners.wss.default.ssl_options.cacertfile = \"mytest/certs/cacert.pem\"
         listeners.wss.new.bind = 9997
         listeners.wss.new.websocket.mqtt_path = \"/my-mqtt\"
-    """
+    "
 ).
 
 listeners_test() ->
diff --git a/apps/emqx_management/src/emqx_mgmt_api_configs.erl b/apps/emqx_management/src/emqx_mgmt_api_configs.erl
index d5879be36..d08bb9882 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_management/src/emqx_mgmt_api_configs.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_management/src/emqx_mgmt_api_configs.erl
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 -define(SYSMON_EXAMPLE,
-    <<"""
+    <<"
     sysmon {
       os {
         cpu_check_interval = 60s
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
         process_low_watermark = 60%
         }
     }
-    """>>
+    ">>
 ).
 
 api_spec() ->
diff --git a/apps/emqx_resource/test/emqx_resource_schema_tests.erl b/apps/emqx_resource/test/emqx_resource_schema_tests.erl
index 78a761bd2..51575cfe7 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_resource/test/emqx_resource_schema_tests.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_resource/test/emqx_resource_schema_tests.erl
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ check(Conf) when is_map(Conf) ->
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 webhook_bridge_health_check_hocon(HealthCheckInterval) ->
 io_lib:format(
-"""
+"
 bridges.webhook.simple {
   url = \"http://localhost:4000\"
   body = \"body\"
@@ -142,5 +142,5 @@ bridges.webhook.simple {
     health_check_interval = \"~s\"
   }
 }
-""",
+",
 [HealthCheckInterval]).
diff --git a/apps/emqx_rule_engine/test/emqx_rule_engine_schema_tests.erl b/apps/emqx_rule_engine/test/emqx_rule_engine_schema_tests.erl
index e3cff53e9..e361e2ad2 100644
--- a/apps/emqx_rule_engine/test/emqx_rule_engine_schema_tests.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx_rule_engine/test/emqx_rule_engine_schema_tests.erl
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 %% erlfmt-ignore
 republish_hocon0() ->
-"""
+"
 rule_engine.rules.my_rule {
   description = \"some desc\"
   metadata = {created_at = 1693918992079}
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ rule_engine.rules.my_rule {
     }
   ]
 }
-""".
+".
 
 %%===========================================================================
 %% Helper functions